Battery Technology Reference

A knowledge graph of how batteries are built and why they fail — organized by chemistry and component.

Structure: Lead-acid → plates, separator, electrolyte, formation, aging. Lithium-ion → cathode, anode, cell, pack, thermal, balancing. Click any component for its reference.

Lead-acid

Plates & grid

Plate & grid design — grid alloy, plate thickness, CCA-vs-cycle-life trade-off

Separator & electrolyte

Separator & electrolyte — isolation, acid density, AGM glass mat

Formation & charging

Formation & charging — the first charge and the charging profile

Failure & aging

Failure modes — sulfation, corrosion, water loss
Lead-acid aging — corrosion, water loss, stratification

Lithium-ion

Cathode & anode

Cathode & anode — LFP/NMC/NCA cathode, graphite/silicon anode

Cell, module & pack

Cell, module & pack architecture — the hierarchy and the BMS

Thermal & balancing

Thermal management — cooling, heating, the temperature window
Cell balancing — passive vs active, the weakest-cell rule

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